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Johnson City is a city in Washington, Carter, and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee, with most of the city being in Washington County. As of the 2010 census, the population of Johnson City was 63,152,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Johnson City city, Tennessee )〕 and by 2014 the estimated population was 65,813, making it the ninth-largest city in the state.〔 Johnson City is ranked the #14 "Best Small Place for Business and Careers" in the USA by ''Forbes'',〔(2012 Best Small Places for Business and Careers )〕 ''Kiplinger'' ranked Johnson City #5 in "The 10 Least-Expensive Cities For Living in the U.S.A.", stating the low cost of living is attributed to affordable homes and below-average utility, transportation and health-care costs.〔("The 10 Least-Expensive Cities For Living in the U.S.A." ), ''Kiplinger''〕 Johnson City is the principal city of the Johnson City Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that covers Carter, Unicoi, and Washington counties〔(METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS ), Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-07-30.〕 and which had a combined population of 200,966 as of 2013. The Johnson City MSA is a component of the Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. The Tri-Cities is the fifth largest CSA in Tennessee with an estimated 500,538 people in residence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 US Census 2008 CSA Estimates )〕 ==History== William Bean, traditionally recognized as Tennessee's first settler, built his cabin along Boone's Creek near Johnson City in 1769.〔Paul Hellman, ''(Historical Gazetteer of the United States )'' (Taylor and Francis, 2005), p. 1016.〕 In the 1780s, Colonel John Tipton (1730–1813) established a farm (now the Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site) just outside of what is now Johnson City. During the State of Franklin movement, Tipton was a leader of the loyalist faction, residents of the region who wanted to remain part of North Carolina rather than form a separate state. In February 1788, an armed engagement took place at Tipton's farm between Tipton and his men and the forces led by John Sevier, the leader of the Franklin faction.〔(A civil and political history of the state of Tennessee" ); by John Haywood〕 Founded in 1856 by Henry Johnson as a railroad station called "Johnson's Depot", Johnson City became a major rail hub for the Southeast, as three railway lines crossed in the downtown area.〔Graybeal, Johhny, ("Riding the Rails: The Storied History of the ET&WNC Line" ), ''Johnson City Press'', 18 April 2005〕 In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Johnson City served as headquarters for the narrow gauge East Tennessee and Western North Carolina Railroad (the ''ET&WNC'', nicknamed "Tweetsie") and the standard gauge Clinchfield Railroad. Both rail systems featured excursion trips through scenic portions of the Blue Ridge Mountains and were engineering marvels of railway construction. The Southern Railway (now Norfolk Southern) also passes through the city. During the American Civil War, before it was formally incorporated in 1869, the name of the town was briefly changed to "Haynesville" in honor of Confederate Senator Landon Carter Haynes.〔Haskell, Jean. (Johnson City ). ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''. Accessed: December 25, 2009.〕 Henry Johnson's name was quickly restored following the war, with Johnson elected as the city's first mayor on January 3, 1870. The town grew rapidly from 1870 until 1890 as railroad and mining interests flourished. However, the national depression of 1893, which caused many railway failures (including the Charleston, Cincinnati and Chicago Railroad or "3-Cs", a predecessor of the Clinchfield) and a resulting financial panic, halted Johnson City's boom town momentum.〔"(Johnson City is a Typical American City )", ''The Sunday Chronicle'' (Johnson City), 1922.〕 In 1901, the Mountain Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers (now the U.S. Veterans Affairs Medical Center and National Cemetery), Mountain Home, Tennessee〔(Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Mountain Home, Tennessee. )〕〔(Cemeteries - Mountain Home National Cemetery - Burial & Memorials )〕 was created by an act of Congress introduced by Walter P. Brownlow. Construction on this campus, designed to serve disabled Civil War veterans, was completed in 1903 at a cost of $3 million. Prior to completion of the facility, the assessed value of the entire town was listed at $750,000. The East Tennessee State Normal School was authorized in 1911 and the new college campus located directly across from the National Soldiers Home. Johnson City began rapidly growing and became the fifth-largest city in Tennessee by 1930.〔(''Fifteenth Census of the United States – 1930 – Population: Volume III, Part 2: Montana-Wyoming'' ), p890〕 Together with neighboring Bristol, Johnson City was noted as a hotbed for old-time music; it hosted noteworthy Columbia Records recording sessions in 1928 known as the Johnson City Sessions. Native son "Fiddlin' Charlie" Bowman became a national recording star via these sessions.〔("Old-Time Music Heritage" ), Johnson's Depot Website〕 The Fountain Square area in downtown featured a host of local and traveling street entertainers including Blind Lemon Jefferson. During the 1920s and the Prohibition era, Johnson City's ties to the bootlegging activity of the Appalachian Mountains earned the city the nickname of "Little Chicago".〔("Little Chicago" ), Johnson's Depot Website〕 Stories persist that the town was one of several distribution centers for Chicago gang boss Al Capone during Prohibition. Capone had a well-organized distribution network within the southern United States for alcohol smuggling; it shipped his products from the mountain distillers to northern cities. Capone was, according to local lore, a part-time resident of Montrose Court, a luxury apartment complex now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The city is featured in a song and video by Travis Tritt called "Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde", although the line "rollin' north on 95" is fictionalized, as Interstate 81 and Interstate 26 intersect near Johnson City. The city is mentioned in a song by Old Crow Medicine Show called "Wagon Wheel", in the lyric "Walkin' to the south out of Roanoke, I caught a trucker out of Philly had a nice long toke. But he's heading west from the Cumberland Gap, to Johnson City, Tennessee."〔("Wagon Wheel" lyrics by Old Crow Medicine Show ), ''Encyclopedia of Road Subculture''〕 For many years, the city had a municipal "privilege tax" on carnival shows, in an attempt to dissuade traveling circuses and other transient entertainment businesses from doing business in town.〔("The Day They Hanged an Elephant in East Tennessee" ), Blue Ridge Country, 13 February 2009〕 The use of drums by merchants to draw attention to their goods is prohibited. Title Six, Section 106 of the city's municipal code, the so-called "Barney Fife" ordinance, empowers the city's police force to draft into involuntary service as many of the town's citizens as necessary to aid police in making arrests and in preventing or quelling any riot, unlawful assembly or breach of peace.〔(Title 6, Sec. 106, Municipal Code of Johnson City, Tennessee )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johnson City, Tennessee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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